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SAFETY AS A MEDICINE of Cannabis and Hemp - Studies completed

Overview

Lets compare the number of DEATHS of cannabis users (0 *) compared to prescription drugs. (millions)

Annual Causes of Death in the United States

(Drug Overdose Deaths and Pharmaceutical Drugs, 2010) "In 2010, there were 38,329 drug overdose deaths in the United States; most (22 134; 57.7%) involved pharmaceuticals; 9429 (24.6%) involved only unspecified drugs.

Of the pharmaceutical-related overdose deaths, 16,451 (74.3%) were unintentional, 3780 (17.1%) were suicides, and 1868 (8.4%) were of undetermined intent.

Opioids (16,651; 75.2%), benzodiazepines (6497; 29.4%), antidepressants (3889; 17.6%), and antiepileptic and antiparkinsonism drugs (1717; 7.8%) were the pharmaceuticals (alone or in combination with other drugs) most commonly involved in pharmaceutical overdose deaths.

Among overdose deaths involving opioid analgesics, the pharmaceuticals most often also involved in these deaths were benzodiazepines (5017; 30.1%), antidepressants (2239; 13.4%), antiepileptic and antiparkinsonism drugs (1125; 6.8%), and antipsychotics and neuroleptics (783; 4.7%)." - See more

Science and Research

2012 - Study ~ Prescribing Cannabis for Harm Reduction. also see QUITTING OTHER DRUGS

2012 - Study ~ Medical Marijuana: Clearing Away the Smoke

2012 - Study ~ Evaluation of the safety and tolerability profile of Sativex: is it reassuring enough?

2011 - Study ~ Annual Causes of Death in the United States

2011 - Study ~ Safety and Side Effects of Cannabidiol, a Cannabis sativa Constituent.

2011 - News ~ Medical marijuana not a threat to workplace safety, study finds

2011 - News ~ Is Pot Good For You?

2010 - Study ~ Harms associated with psychoactive substances: findings of the UK National Drug Survey

2010 - Study ~ An index of fatal toxicity for drugs of misuse.

2010 - News ~ Alcohol 'Most Harmful Drug', According to Multi-criteria Analysis

2009 - Study ~ Alcohol and cannabis use as risk factors for injury - a case-crossover analysis in a Swiss hospital emergency department

2009 - Report ~ Deaths from Marijuana v. 17 FDA-Approved Drugs (Jan. 1, 1997 to June 30, 2005)

2009 - Study ~ Harms associated with psychoactive substances: findings of the UKNational Drug Survey

2009 - News ~ Health Risks of Marijuana Still Not Nailed Down

2009 - News ~ Four percent of adults worldwide using cannabis

2009 - News ~ Marijuana-Related Health Costs Minimal Compared To Those Of Alcohol, Tobacco

2009 - News ~ The FDA has written documentation that patients can overdose on Marinol and that it can be lethal

2008 - Study ~ Adverse effects of medical cannabinoids: a systematic review

2008 - Study ~ Merck Manual - Marijuana (Cannabis)

2008 - News ~ How Safe Are Medical Cannabinoids? also see CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

2008 - News ~ Medical use of cannabinoids does not cause an increase in serious adverse health effects

2008 - News ~ Report: Marijuana Less Harmful than Alcohol or Tobacco

2008 - News ~ Medicines derived from cannabis: A review of adverse events

2008 - News ~ Claims Linking Health Problems And The Strength Of Cannabis May Be Exaggerated
2004 - Study ~ The good and the bad effects of (−) trans-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) on humans
2000 - Study ~ Two hundred and thirteen cases of marijuana toxicoses in dogs.
1997 - News ~ Regular Marijuana Users Have No Higher Rates Of Mortality, Long-Term Study Concludes
1996 - News ~ Proven: Cannabis is safe medicine
1993 - Study ~ Health care use by frequent marijuana smokers who do not smoke tobacco.

1992 - Study ~ Excerpt from the Merck Manual

1992 - News ~ Three Things Marijuana Doesn't Do

1981 - Study ~ Cognition and Long-Term Use of Ganja (Cannabis)

1971 - Study ~ Allergy to Marihuana also see ALLERGIES TO CANNABIS

1946 - Study ~ Studies On The Pharmacology and Acute Toxicity of Compounds with Marijuana Activity

1938 - Study ~ The Relative Activity of Various Purified Products Obtained From American Grown Hashish.


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Annual Causes of Death in the United States
Annual Causes of Death in the United States

 

All Causes 2,468,435
   
Diseases of Heart 780,213
Malignant Neoplasms [Cancer] 574,743
Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases 138,080
Cerebrovascular Diseases 129,476
Accidents (Unintentional Injuries) [Total] 120,859
   Motor Vehicle Accidents [subset of Total Accidents]    35,332
Alzheimer's Disease 83,494
Diabetes Mellitus 69,071
Nephritis, Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephrosis 50,476
Influenza and Pneumonia 50,097
Drug-Induced Deaths1 40,393
Intentional Self-Harm (Suicide) 38,364
Septicemia 34,812
Chronic Liver Disease and Cirrhosis 31,903
Firearm Injuries 31,672
Essential Hypertension and Hypertensive Renal Disease 26,634
Alcohol-Induced Deaths 25,692
Parkinson's Disease 22,032
Pneumonitis Due to Solids and Liquids 17,011
Homicide 16,259
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) 8,369
Viral hepatitis 7,564
 
All Illicit Drugs Combined (2000)2 17,0002
Cannabis (Marijuana)3 0
 

2010 Drug Overdose Mortality Data In Detail as Reported By Paulozzi et al.4
Drug Overdose Total 38,329
Pharmaceutical Drugs 22,134
Pharmaceutical Opioid Analgesics 16,651

 (Drug Overdose Deaths and Pharmaceutical Drugs, 2010) "In 2010, there were 38,329 drug overdose deaths in the United States; most (22 134; 57.7%) involved pharmaceuticals; 9429 (24.6%) involved only unspecified drugs. Of the pharmaceutical-related overdose deaths, 16,451 (74.3%) were unintentional, 3780 (17.1%) were suicides, and 1868 (8.4%) were of undetermined intent. Opioids (16,651; 75.2%), benzodiazepines (6497; 29.4%), antidepressants (3889; 17.6%), and antiepileptic and antiparkinsonism drugs (1717; 7.8%) were the pharmaceuticals (alone or in combination with other drugs) most commonly involved in pharmaceutical overdose deaths. Among overdose deaths involving opioid analgesics, the pharmaceuticals most often also involved in these deaths were benzodiazepines (5017; 30.1%), antidepressants (2239; 13.4%), antiepileptic and antiparkinsonism drugs (1125; 6.8%), and antipsychotics and neuroleptics (783; 4.7%)."

Source: 
Christopher M. Jones, PharmD, Karin A. Mack, PhD, and Leonard J. Paulozzi, MD, "Pharmaceutical Overdose Deaths, United States, 2010," Journal of the American Medical Association, February 20, 2013, Vol 309, No. 7, p. 658.
http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1653518
 
 

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(Drug Overdose Deaths and Pharmaceutical Drugs, 2010) "In 2010, there were 38,329 drug overdose deaths in the United States; most (22 134; 57.7%) involved pharmaceuticals; 9429 (24.6%) involved only unspecified drugs. Of the pharmaceutical-related overdose deaths, 16,451 (74.3%) were unintentional, 3780 (17.1%) were suicides, and 1868 (8.4%) were of undetermined intent. Opioids (16,651; 75.2%), benzodiazepines (6497; 29.4%), antidepressants (3889; 17.6%), and antiepileptic and antiparkinsonism drugs (1717; 7.8%) were the pharmaceuticals (alone or in combination with other drugs) most commonly involved in pharmaceutical overdose deaths. Among overdose deaths involving opioid analgesics, the pharmaceuticals most often also involved in these deaths were benzodiazepines (5017; 30.1%), antidepressants (2239; 13.4%), antiepileptic and antiparkinsonism drugs (1125; 6.8%), and antipsychotics and neuroleptics (783; 4.7%)." - See more at: http://drugwarfacts.org/cms/?q=node/30#sthash.liQFZWaP.dpuf