Some people use marijuana for recreational purposes, to create a sense of well being or to alter the senses. It is either taken by mouth or smoked (inhaled).

Marijuana is also taken by mouth for medicinal purposes. A cannabinoid from marijuana, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), is used in the prescription-only, FDA-approved product dronabinol (Marinol) for the treatment of weight loss or appetite loss due to AIDS and for nausea and vomiting caused by cancer chemotherapy.

Cannabinoids are at least as effective as some conventional medications for nausea, including prochlorperazine (Compazine), metoclopramide (Reglan), chlorpromazine (Compazine), and thiethylperazine (Torecan).

Cannabinoids from marijuana also appear to be similar to codeine for treatment of pain. However, extreme sleepiness and other central nervous system effects make cannabinoids undesirable as painkillers.

Other cannabinoids from marijuana have also been used by mouth to treat symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS).

Some people inhale cannabis for medicinal purposes. Cannabis is smoked for nausea, glaucoma, appetite stimulation, mucous membrane inflammation, leprosy, fever, dandruff, hemorrhoids, obesity, asthma, urinary tract infections, cough, anorexia associated with weight loss in AIDS patients, pain, and multiple sclerosis. It is also inhaled to weaken the immune system after kidney transplant to lessen the chance of transplant rejection.

Avoid confusion with hemp, a distinct variety of Cannabis sativa cultivated for its fiber and seeds, which contains less than 1% THC.

2012 - Study ~ Synergistic interaction of pregabalin with the synthetic cannabinoid WIN 55,212-2 mesylate in the hot-plate test in mice: an isobolographic analysis.

2012 - Study ~ Synergistic interaction of pregabalin with the synthetic cannabinoid WIN 55,212-2 mesylate in the hot-plate test in mice: an isobolographic analysis.

2012 - Study ~ Changes of Blood Endocannabinoids during Anaesthesia: a Special Case for Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Inhibition by Propofol?

2012 - Study ~ Effects of amphetamine on dopamine release in the rat nucleus accumbens shell region depend on cannabinoid CB1 receptor activation.

2011 - Study ~ Cannabidiol Attenuates Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity by Decreasing Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress, Inflammation, and Cell Death

2011 - Study ~ Cannabidiol Attenuates Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity by Decreasing Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress, Inflammation, and Cell Death

2011 - Study ~ Acute effects of MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) on EEG oscillations: alone and in combination with ethanol or THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol)

2011 - Study ~ Combined effects of acute, very-low-dose ethanol and delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol in healthy human volunteers

2011 - Study ~ Inhibition of monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) attenuates NSAID-induced gastric hemorrhages in mice.

2011 - Study ~ Cannabinoid system and cyclooxygenases inhibitors

2011 - Study ~ Possible involvement of the endocannabinoid system in memory modulation effect of general anesthetics

2011 - Study ~ Role of GLT-1 transporter activation in prevention of cannabinoid tolerance by the beta-lactam antibiotic, ceftriaxone, in mice.

2011 - Study ~ Cannabis in Palliative Medicine: Improving Care and Reducing Opioid-Related Morbidity

2011 - Study ~ Cannabinoid-opioid interaction in chronic pain.

2011 - Study ~ A combined preclinical therapy of cannabinoids and temozolomide against glioma.

2011 - Study ~ The safety of modafinil in combination with oral Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in humans.

2011 - Study ~ Cannabidiol potentiates Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) behavioural effects and alters THC pharmacokinetics during acute and chronic treatment in adolescent rats.

2011 - Study ~ The G protein-coupled cannabinoid-1 (CB(1)) receptor of mammalian brain: Inhibition by phthalate esters in vitro.

2011 - Study ~ The interplay of cannabinoid and NMDA glutamate receptor systems in humans: preliminary evidence of interactive effects of cannabidiol and ketamine in healthy human subjects.

2011 - Study ~ Chronic administration of THC prevents the behavioral effects of intermittent adolescent MDMA administration and attenuates MDMA-induced hyperthermia and neurotoxicity in rats

2011 - Study ~ Combined effects of THC and caffeine on working memory in rats.

2011 - Study ~ Pretreatment with Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) increases cocaine-stimulated activity in adolescent but not adult male rats

2011 - Study ~ Previous exposure to delta9-tetrahydrocannibinol enhances locomotor responding to but not self-administration of amphetamine.

2011 - Study ~ THC-methadone and THC-naltrexone interactions on discrimination, antinociception, and locomotion in rats.

2011 - Study ~ Pharmacokinetics of a combination of Δ9-tetrahydro-cannabinol and celecoxib in a porcine model of hemorrhagic shock.

2011 - Study ~ Low-volume binary drug therapy for the treatment of hypovolemia.

2011 - Study ~ Efavirenz interference in urine screening immunoassays for tetrahydrocannabinol.

2011 - Study ~ Clozapine and SCH 23390 prevent the spatial working memory disruption induced by Δ9-THC administration into the medial prefrontal cortex.

2011 - News ~ Pharmaceutical Drug-Herb Interaction List

2010 - Study ~ THC Prevents MDMA Neurotoxicity in Mice.

2010 - Study ~ Attenuation of morphine antinociceptive tolerance by a CB(1) receptor agonist and an NMDA receptor antagonist: Interactive effects.

2010 - Study ~ Influence of ethanol on cannabinoid pharmacokinetic parameters in chronic users

2010 - Study ~ Methamphetamine neurotoxicity increases brain expression and alters behavioral functions of CB₁ cannabinoid receptors.

2010 - Study ~ The safety of modafinil in combination with oral Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in humans

2010 - Study ~ Opioid antagonism enhances marijuana's effects in heavy marijuana smokers.

2010 - Study ~ The analgesic potential of cannabinoids.

2010 - Study - Probable Interaction Between Warfarin and Marijuana Smoking

2010 - Study - Adolescent cannabis use increases risk for cocaine-induced paranoia

2010 - News ~ Chocolate: The Good, the Bad and the Angry

2010 - News ~ Cocoa and the Search for Dietary Cannabinoids

2010 - News ~ Cannabis-enhancing plant to be marketed worldwide as new drug

2010 - News ~ Acetaminophen Synergizes Through the CB1 Receptor

2009 - Study ~ Effects of Cannabinoids on Caffeine Contractures in Slow and Fast Skeletal Muscle Fibers of the Frog

2009 - Study ~ Cannabinoid receptor-independent cytotoxic effects of cannabinoids in human colorectal carcinoma cells: synergism with 5-fluorouracil.

2009 - Study ~ Pharmacological synergism between cannabinoids and paclitaxel in gastric cancer cell lines.

2009 - Study ~ Delayed onset of seizures and toxicity associated with recreational use of Bromo-dragonFLY.

2009 - Study ~ An unusual cause of syncope

2009 - Study - Cannabis Coadministration Potentiates the Effects of "Ecstasy" on Heart Rate and Temperature in Humans

2009 - Study - Induction dose of propofol in patients using cannabis

2009 - Study - Interaction of the cannabinoid and opioid systems in the modulation of nociception

2009 - Study - Cannabis coadministration potentiates the effects of "ecstasy" on heart rate and temperature in human

2009 - Study - Cannabinoids, Opioids and MDMA: Neuropsychological Interactions Related to Addiction

2009 - News - Smoking Pot, Cigarettes Ups COPD Risk
2009 - Study ~ Enhancing the in vitro cytotoxic activity of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in leukemic cells through a combinatorial approach

2008 - Study - Enhancing the in vitro cytotoxic activity of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in leukemic cells through a combinatorial approach

2008 - Study ~ Repeated Cannabinoid Injections into the Rat Periaqueductal Gray Enhances Subsequent Morphine Antinociception

2008 - Study ~ Priapism, ecstasy, and marijuana: is there a connection?

2008 - Study ~ Propofol Sedation Is Reduced by {Delta}9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Mice

2008 - Study ~ Additive Interaction of the Cannabinoid Receptor I Agonist Arachidonyl-2-chloroethylamide with Etomidate in a Sedation Model in Mice

2008 - Study ~ Interaction of plant cannabinoids with the multidrug transporter ABCC1 (MRP1).

2007 - Study - Efficacy of dronabinol alone and in combination with ondansetron versus ondansetron alone for delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.

2007 - Study - Synergy between Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol and morphine in the arthritic rat

2007 - Study ~ Opioid Antagonism of Cannabinoid Effects: Differences between Marijuana Smokers and Nonmarijuana Smokers

2007 - Study ~ Low dose combination of morphine and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol circumvents antinociceptive tolerance and apparent desensitization of receptors

2007 - Study - Medicinal cannabis does not influence the clinical pharmacokinetics of irinotecan and docetaxel

2007 - Study ~ Antinociceptive Synergy Between the Cannabinoid Receptor Agonist WIN 55,212-2 and Bupivacaine in the Rat Formalin Test

2007 - Study - The multidrug transporter ABCG2 (BCRP) is inhibited by plant-derived cannabinoids

2007 - Study ~ Activation of cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors suppresses neuropathic nociception evoked by the chemotherapeutic agent vincristine in rats.

2007 - Study ~ Additive Effects of Timolol and Cannabinoids on Intraocular Pressure in a Rat Glaucoma Model

2007 - Study ~ Propranolol effects on acute marihuana intoxication in man

2007 - News - Cannabinoids, in combination with (NSAIDS), produce a synergistic analgesic effect

2007 - News ~ Science: The use of cannabis does not influence the efficacy of two anti-cancer drugs, a clinical study finds

2006 - Study ~ Modulation of paraoxon toxicity by the cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN 55,212-2.

2006 - Study ~ Local interactions between anandamide, an endocannabinoid, and ibuprofen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, in acute and inflammatory pain

2006 - Study ~ Benefits of an add-on treatment with the synthetic cannabinomimetic nabilone on patients with chronic pain - a randomized controlled trial.

2006 - Study ~ Arachidonyl-2'-chloroethylamide, a highly selective cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonist, enhances the anticonvulsant action of valproate in the mouse maximal electroshock-induced seizure model.

2006 - Study - Synergistic affective analgesic interaction between delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and morphine

2006 - Study - Add-on treatment with the synthetic cannabinomimetic nabilone on patients with chronic pain

2006 - News ~ Cannabinoids Enhance Analgesic Effects Of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, Study Says

2004 - Study - Cyclic Antidepressants

2004 - Study ~ Cannabinoids prevent the acute hyperthermia and partially protect against the 5-HT depleting effects of MDMA ("Ecstasy") in rats.

2004 - Study ~ Cannabis Abuse is Not a Risk Factor for Treatment Outcome in Methadone Maintenance Treatment: a 1-year Prospective Study in an Israeli Clinic.

2003 - Study - Cannabis reduces opioid dose in the treatment of chronic non-cancer pain

2003 - Study ~ Haloperidol, but not clozapine, produces dramatic catalepsy in delta9-THC-treated rats: possible clinical implications.

2003 - Study ~ Manipulation of the endocannabinoid system by a general anaesthetic.

2003 - Study ~ Modulation of oral morphine antinociceptive tolerance and naloxone-precipitated withdrawal signs by oral Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol.

2002 - Study ~ Decrease in efficacy and potency of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs by chronic delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol administration.

2001 - Study ~ Protective effects of cannabinoid receptor ligands analogous to anandamide against cocaine toxicity.
2000 - Study ~ Involvement of central and peripheral cannabinoid receptors in the regulation of heart resistance to arrhythmogenic effects of epinephrine.
1999 - Study ~ Case report: adverse effects of taking tricyclic antidepressants and smoking marijuana.
1996 - Study ~ Marijuana and chocolate.
1995 - Study ~ Anandamide and delta 9-THC dilation of cerebral arterioles is blocked by indomethacin

1994 - Study ~ Marihuana smoking increases plasma cocaine levels and subjective reports of euphoria in male volunteers.

1992 - Study ~ Marihuana attenuates the rise in plasma ethanol levels in human subjects.

1991 - Study - Dronabinol and prochlorperazine in combination for treatment of cancer chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.

1991 - Study ~ Flashback Following Use of Cannabis--a Review

1987 - Study ~ Respiratory effects of cocaine "freebasing" among habitual users of marijuana with or without tobacco

1983 - Study ~ Adverse Interaction Between Disulfiram and Marijuana: a Case Report.

1983 - Study ~ ANALGESIC INTERACTION BETWEEN NITROUS OXIDE AND DELTA-9-TETRAHYDEROCANNABINOL IN THE RAT

1983 - Study ~ Adverse Interaction Between Disulfiram and Marijuana: a Case Report.

1983 - Study ~ ANALGESIC INTERACTION BETWEEN NITROUS OXIDE AND DELTA-9-TETRAHYDEROCANNABINOL IN THE RAT

1981 - Study ~ Tetrahydrocannabinol potentiates reserpine-induced hypokinesia.

1980 - Study ~ Effects of drugs on behavior in pigeons tolerant to delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol.
1978 - Study ~ Enhanced Biotransformation of Theophylline in Marihuana and Tobacco Smokers.

1977 - Study ~ Cannabidiol --antiepileptic drug comparisons and interactions in experimentally induced seizures in rats.

1977 - Study ~ The effect of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol, and cannabinol on the anaesthesia induced by various anaesthetic agents in mice.

1977 - Study ~ Propranolol Effects on Acute Marihuana Intoxication in Man.

1976 - Study ~ The Effects of Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Cannabis) on Cardiac Performance with and without Beta Blockade

1975 - Study - The analgesic properties of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and codeine

1975 - Study ~ Combination of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol with oxymorphone or pentobarbital: Effects on ventilatory control and cardiovascular dynamics.

1975 - Study ~ Interactions in man of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol. II. Cannabinol and cannabidiol.

1974 - Study - Interaction of cannabis and general anaesthetic agents in mice
1973 - Study ~ Cardiovascular and respiratory effects of cannabis extracts and 1-tetra-hydrocannabinol
( 1-THC).

1972 - Study -  Effect of cannabis and certain of its constituents on pentobarbitone sleeping time and phenazone metabolism

1972 - Study ~ Proceedings: Effects of chronic and acute cannabis treatment upon thiopentone anaesthesia in rabbits.

1970 - Study ~ INTERACTIONS OF Δ1-TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL WITH BARBITURATES AND METHAMPHETAMINE