Cannabis Research A-Z

Overview

• Heart disease describes a range of conditions that affect your heart.
  

• Diseases under the heart disease umbrella include blood vessel diseases, such as coronary artery disease; heart rhythm problems (arrhythmias); and heart defects you're born with (congenital heart defects), among others.

• The term "heart disease" is often used interchangeably with the term "cardiovascular disease."
  

• Cardiovascular disease generally refers to conditions that involve narrowed or blocked blood vessels that can lead to a heart attack, chest pain (angina) or stroke.
  

• Other heart conditions, such as those that affect your heart's muscle, valves or rhythm, also are considered forms of heart disease.
  

• Many forms of heart disease can be prevented or treated with healthy lifestyle choices.

2020 - Abstract Study ~ USA: Marijuana in pediatric and adult congenital heart disease heart transplant listing: A survey of provider practices and attitudes.

Pediatric Transplantation.

2020 - Full Study ~ USA: Marijuana use and coronary artery disease in young adults.

Medical University of South Carolina.

2020 - Full Study ~ UK: Rates, Predictors and the Impact Cannabis Misuse on In-hospital Outcomes Among Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

Clinical Practice.

2019 - Full Study ~ USA: Review of the many faces of synthetic cannabinoid toxicities.

Mental Health Clinician.

2019 - Full Study ~ Canada: International Perspectives on the Implications of Cannabis Legalization: A Systematic Review & Thematic Analysis.

Enviromental Research & Public Health.

2019 - Full Study ~ Poland: Sex differences in distribution of cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2), S100A6 and CacyBP/SIP in human ageing hearts.
Biology of Sex Differences.

2019 - Full Study ~ Saudi Arabia: Cannabinoids for Treating Cardiovascular Disorders: Putting Together a Complex Puzzle.
King Abdulaziz University.

2019 - Full Study ~ USA: Will Mary Jane Leave You Heartbroken? Marijuana Use and Risk of Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy.

Cureus.

2019 - Full Study ~ Canada: Activation of Cannabinoid Receptors Attenuates Endothelin-1-induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Rat Ventricular Myocytes.

Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology.

2019 - Full Study ~ USA: Occurrence of Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy after Synthetic Cannabinoid Consumption. 

2019 - Full Study ~ Germany: Endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol is elevated in the coronary circulation during acute coronary syndrome.

Pneumology.

2019 - Full Study ~ UK: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids impinge on CD4+ T cell motility and adipose tissue distribution via direct and lipid mediator-dependent effects.

Cardiovascular Research.

2019 - Full Study ~ Canada: An overview of the adverse effects of cannabis use for Canadian physicians.

Clinical and Investigative Medicine.

2019 - Full Study ~ Sweeden: ADHD Symptoms as a Potential Driver to Cannabis Use in Young Persons With Complex Congenital Heart Defects.

Canadian Journal of Cardiology.

2019 - Full Study ~ Peru / USA:  Vertebral Artery Dissection and Takotsubo Syndrome Associated with Marijuana Use.

Cureus.

 
2019 - Abstract Study ~ Ukraine: Cannabinoids and Cardiovascular System.

2019 - Abstract Study ~ Canada: The Risk of Cardiovascular Events on Cannabis’ Highest Day.

Canadian Journal of Cardiology.

2019 - Abstract Study ~ Turkey: Osborn wave and new-onset atrial fibrillation related to hypothermia after synthetic cannabis (bonsai) abuse.

Archives of the Turkish Society of Cardiology.

2019 - Abstract Study ~ USA: Recurrent Cardiogenic Shock Associated with Cannabis Use: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature.

Journal of Emergency Medicine.

2019 - Abstract Study ~ Germany: Cannabinoid-sensitive receptors in cardiac physiology and ischaemia.

2019 - Abstract Study ~ USA: Performance and Health-Related Characteristics of Physically Active Males Using Marijuana. 

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research.

 
2019 - Abstract Study ~ USA: Cannabis and Cardiovascular Disease.

Current Atherosclerosis Reports.

2019 - Abstract Study ~ Iran: The protective mechanism of cannabidiol in cardiac injury: A systematic review of non- clinical studies.

Current Pharmaceutical Design.

2019 - Abstract Study ~ Germany / Spain: Salivary endocannabinoids as mediators in the relationship between omega-6 and omega- 3 fatty acid ratio intake from highly-processed foods and anthropometric markers of health in women.

2019 - Abstract Study ~ Brazil: Role of the endocannabinoid system in the dorsal hippocampus in the cardiovascular changes and delayed anxiety-like effect induced by acute restraint stress in rats.

Journal of Psychopharmacology.

2019 - Abstract Study ~ Canada / Italy: Role of the endocannabinoidome in human and mouse atherosclerosis.

Current Pharmaceutical Design.

2019 - Abstract Study ~ Poland: Fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor (URB597) as a regulator of myocardial lipid metabolism in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

2019 - Abstract Study ~ China: Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inactivation by Using URB602 Mitigates Myocardial Damage in a Rat Model of Cardiac Arrest.

Critical Care Journal.

2019 - Abstract Study ~ Germany: CB2-deficiency is associated with a stronger hypertrophy and remodeling of the right ventricle in a murine model of left pulmonary artery occlusion.

2019 - Abstract Study ~ Canada / USA: Acute and residual effects of smoked cannabis: Impact on driving speed and lateral control, heart rate, and self-reported drug effects.

 
2019 - Abstract Study ~ Italy: A case report positive for synthetic cannabinoids: are cardiovascular effects related to their protracted use?

2019 - Abstract Study ~ India: Ameliorative effects of hempseed (Cannabis sativa) against hypercholesterolemia associated cardiovascular changes.

2019 - Abstract Study ~ Canada: Marijuana Lollipop-Induced Myocardial Infarction.

2019 - Abstract Study ~ Turkey: The ameliorating effect of cannabinoid type 2 receptor activation on brain, lung, liver and heart damage in cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis model in rats.

2019 - Abstract Study ~ Netherlands / USA / Hungary / Poland: Activity-based protein profiling of the human failing ischemic heart reveals alterations in hydrolase activities involving the endocannabinoid system.

 
2019 - Abstract Study ~ Australia: The effect of high maternal linoleic acid on endocannabinoid signalling in rodent hearts.

Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease.

2018 - Full Study ~ Netherlands: Caloric restriction lowers endocannabinoid tonus and improves cardiac function in type 2 diabetes.

Nutrition & Diabetes.

2018 - Full Study ~ USA: Retrospective Chart Review of Synthetic Cannabinoid Intoxication with Toxicologic
Analysis.
Western Journal of Emergency Medicine.

2018 - Full Study ~ Poland / Germany: Cannabinoids in arterial, pulmonary and portal hypertension – mechanisms of action and potential therapeutic significance.

British Journal of Pharmacology.

2018 - Full Study ~ France: A Systematic Review of the Complex Effects of Cannabinoids on Cerebral and Peripheral Circulation in Animal Models.

Frontiers in Physiology.

2018 - Full Study ~ USA: Pediatric Death Due to Myocarditis After Exposure to Cannabis.

Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine.

2018 - Full Study ~ USA: Cannabinoids, the Heart of the Matter.

Journal of the American Heart Association.

2018 - Full Study ~ Denmark: Interaction between warfarin and cannabis.

Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology.

2018 - Full Study ~ Belgium: Coronary vasospasm complicating cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome.

Journal of Cardiology Cases.

2018 - Full Study ~ USA / Curacau / Russia: Primary Causes of Hospitalizations and Procedures, Predictors of In-hospital Mortality, and Trends in Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Events Among Recreational Marijuana Users: A Five-year Nationwide Inpatient Assessment in the United States.

Cureus.

2018 - Full Study ~ USA: Cannabis Use Disorder in Young Adults with Acute Myocardial Infarction: Trend Inpatient Study from 2010 to 2014 in the United States.

Cureus.

2018 - Full Study ~ USA: Plasma fatty acid ethanolamides are associated with postprandial triglycerides, ApoCIII and ApoE in humans consuming high fructose corn syrup-sweetened beverage. 

American Journal of Physiology Endocrinology & Metabolism.

2018 - Full Study ~ USA: The Spice of Life…and Death: A Case Presentation and Review of Synthetic Marijuana Use in Mississippi. 

Journal of the Mississiippi State Medical Association.

2018 - Full Study ~ USA: Marijuana Induced Type I Brugada Pattern: A Case Report.

American Journal of Medical Case Reports.

2018 - Full Study ~ USA: Clinical Characteristics and Angiographic Findings of Acute Myocardial Infarction Associated With Marijuana Use: Consecutive Case Series. 

SciFed Journal of Cardiology.

2018 - Full Study ~ Nepal / USA: A Systematic Review of Marijuana Use and Outcomes in Patients with Myocardial Infarction.

Cureus.

2018 - Full Study ~ USA: Hypothesis: Clues From Mammalian Hibernation for Treating Patients With Anorexia Nervosa.

Frontiers in Psychology.

2018 - Full Study ~ USA: The Endocannabinoid System and Heart Disease: The Role of Cannabinoid Receptor Type 2.

Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders - Drug Targets.

2018 - Full Study ~ Brazil: Medial prefrontal cortex TRPV1 and CB1 receptors modulate cardiac baroreflex activity by regulating the NMDA receptor/nitric oxide pathway.

American Journal of Physiology.

2018 - Full Study ~ Argentina: Anandamide and endocannabinoid system: an attractive therapeutic approach for cardiovascular disease.

Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease.

2018 - Full Study ~ USA: Feasibility Evaluation of Myocardial Cannabinoid Type 1 Receptor Imaging in Obesity: A Translational Approach.

2018 - Full Study ~ USA: Endocannabinoid Virodhamine is an Endogenous Inhibitor of Human Cardiovascular CYP2J2 Epoxygenase.

Biochemistry.

2018 - Full Study ~ USA: Coma, Seizures, Atrioventricular Block, and Hypoglycemia in an ADB-FUBINACA Body-Packer. 

Journal if Emergency Medicine.

2018 - Full Study ~ USA: Burden of arrhythmia in recreational marijuana users.

International Journal of Cardiology .

2018 - Full Study ~ USA: Relation of Cannabis Use and Atrial Fibrillation Among Patients Hospitalized for Heart Failure.

The American Journal of Cardiology.

2018 - Full Study ~ USA: Associations between cannabis use and cardiometabolic risk factors: A longitudinal study of men. 

Psychosomatic Medicine.

2018 - Full Study ~ USA: Marijuana use and short-term outcomes in patients hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction.

Departmentof Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Universityof Colorado.

2018 - Full Study ~ Turkey: Speckle-tracking strain assessment of left ventricular dysfunction in synthetic cannabinoid and heroin users.

The Anatolian Journal of Cardiology.

2018 - Abstract Study ~ USA / Pakistan: Pseudo-Wellens’ syndrome secondary to concurrent cannabis and phencyclidine intoxication.

BMJ Journals.

2018 - Abstract Study ~ Turkey: How much can synthetic cannabinoid damage the heart? A case of cardiogenic shock following resistant ventricular fibrillation after synthetic cannabinoid use.

Journal of Clinical Ultrasound.

2018 - Abstract Study ~ USA: Ischaemic cardiomyopathy and embolic stroke in a young adult with suspected synthetic cannabinoid use.

BMJ Case Reports.

2018 - Abstract Study ~ USA: Marijuana-associated ST-elevation myocardial infarction: is this a benign drug. 

BMJ Case Reports.

2017 - Full Study ~ Sweden / Italy / UK / Finland / Netherlands / France: Increased Levels of Circulating Fatty Acids Are Associated with Protective Effects against Future Cardiovascular Events

in Nondiabetics.

Journal of Proteome Research.

2017 - Abstract Study ~ UK / Canada: The Placebo Effect in Cardiology: Understanding and Using It. 

Canadian Journal of Cardiology.

2017 - Full Study ~ USA / Barbados: Did Cannabis Precipitate an STEMI in a Young Woman? 

Cardiology Research.

2017 - Full Study ~ Giant J (Osborn) Wave due to Bonsai Abuse: Comments on Clinical Practice.

Balkan Medical Journal.

2017 - Full Study ~ UK: In Vivo Cannabidiol Treatment Improves Endothelium-Dependent Vasorelaxation in Mesenteric Arteries of Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats. 

Frontiers in Pharmacology.

2017 - Full Study ~ Italy / USA: Anti-Inflammatory and Neuroprotective Effects of Co-UltraPEALut in a Mouse Model of Vascular Dementia.

Frontiers in Neurology.

2017 - Full Study ~ China: Activation of Endocannabinoid Receptor 2 as a Mechanism of Propofol Pretreatment- Induced Cardioprotection against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats.

Oxidative Medicine & Cellular Longevity.

2017 - Full Study ~ China: Activation of cannabinoid receptor type II by AM1241 protects adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells from oxidative damage and enhances their therapeutic efficacy in myocardial infarction mice via Stat3 activation.

Oncotarget Open Access Journal.

2017 - Full Study ~ Germany: N-Arachidonoyl Dopamine: A Novel Endocannabinoid and Endovanilloid with Widespread Physiological and Pharmacological Activities.

Cannabis & Cannabidiol Research.

2017 - Full Study ~ USA: Precision Nutrition and Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: A Case for Personalized Supplementation Approaches for the Prevention and Management of Human Diseases.

Nutrients.

2017 - Full Study ~ Korea: Pain medication and long QT syndrome.

Korean Journal of Pain.

2017 - Full Study ~ USA: To Dab or Not to Dab: Rising Concerns Regarding the Toxicity of Cannabis Concentrates.

Cureus.

2017 - Full Study ~ USA: Recreational Marijuana Use and Acute Myocardial Infarction: Insights from Nationwide Inpatient Sample in the United States.

Cureus.

2017 - Full Study ~ China: Extract of Fructus Cannabis Ameliorates Learning and Memory Impairment Induced by D-Galactose in an Aging Rats Model.

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.

2017 - Full Study ~ USA: Myocardial Ischemia with Cannabinoid Use in an Adolescent.

Cureus.

2017 - Full Study ~ Poland: Chronic inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase by URB597 produces differential effects on cardiac performance in normotensive and hypertensive rats.

British Journal of Pharmacology.

2017 - Full Study ~ USA: Synthetic cannabinoids found in “spice” products alter body temperature and cardiovascular parameters in conscious male rats.

Journal of Drug & Alcohol Abuse.

2017 - Full Study ~ Hungary: Control of myogenic tone and agonist induced contraction of intramural coronary resistance arterioles by cannabinoid type 1 receptors and endocannabinoids.

2017 - Full Study ~ USA: Pharmacological challenge studies with acute psychosocial stress.

Psychoneuroendocrinology.

2017 - Full Study ~ Netherlands: 2-Arachidonoylglycerol ameliorates inflammatory stress-induced insulin resistance in cardiomyocytes.

Journal of Biological Chemistry.

2017 - Full Study ~ Italy / Belgium / Germany / Netherlands / UK: Pericardial Adipose Tissue Regulates Granulopoiesis, Fibrosis and Cardiac Function After Myocardial Infarction.

Circulation.

2017 - Full Study ~ Greece: Exercise versus targeting of endocannabinoid system for atheromatic plaque stabilization. Opposing or complementary roles?

Hellenic Journal of Cardiology.

2017 - Full Study ~ Germany / USA: Cardiovascular effects of marijuana and synthetic cannabinoids: the good, the bad, and the ugly.

Nature Reviews Cardiology.

2017 - Full Study ~ Canada: Cannabinoid signaling in health and disease.

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology.

2017 - Full Study ~ UK: Human Toxicity Caused by Indole and Indazole Carboxylate Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists: From Horizon Scanning to Notification.

Clinical Chemistry.

2017 - Full Study ~ China: Endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol protects inflammatory insults from sulfur dioxide inhalation via cannabinoid receptors in the brain.

2017 - Abstract Study ~ UK / Canada: Cannabinoids in the Cardiovascular System. 

Recent Advances in Cannabinoid Physiology and Pathology.

2017 - Abstract Study ~ China: Supraventricular tachycardia and acute confusion following ingestion of e-cigarette fluid containing AB-FUBINACA and ADB-FUBINACA: a case report with quantitative analysis of serum drug concentrations.

Chinease Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics.

2017 - Abstract Study ~ USA: Cannabis Smoking and Cardiovascular Health: It’s Complicated.

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics.

2017 - Abstract Study ~ Poland: The effects of chronic FAAH inhibition on myocardial lipid metabolism in normotensive and DOCA-salt hypertensive rats.

2017 - Abstract Study ~ Turkey: Electrocardiographic alterations in patients consuming synthetic cannabinoids. 

Journal of Psychopharmacology.

2017 - Abstract Study ~ Taiwan: Indoxyl sulfate upregulates the cannabinoid type 1 receptor gene via an ATF3/c-Jun complex-mediated signaling pathway in the model of uremic cardiomyopathy.

International Journal of Cardiology.

2017 - Abstract Study ~ USA / Australia / Spain: The endocannabinoid system in cardiovascular function: novel insights and clinical implications.

Clinical Autonomic Research.

2017 - Abstract Study ~ Tiawan: Indoxyl sulfate upregulates the cannabinoid type 1 receptor gene via an ATF3/c-Jun complex-mediated signaling pathway in the model of uremic cardiomyopathy.

International Journal of Cardiology.

2016 - Full Study ~ UK: Acute myocardial infarction, associated with the use of a synthetic adamantyl- cannabinoid: a case report. (UK) (full – 2016) http://bmcpharmacoltoxicol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40360-016-0045-1

2016 - Full Study ~ New Zealand: Chest pain, troponin rise, and ST-elevation in an adolescent boy following the use of the synthetic cannabis product K2. (New Zealand) (full – 2016) http://www.annalspc.com/article.asp?issn=0974-2069;year=2016;volume=9;issue=1;spage=79;epage=81;aulast=Zaleta

2016 - Full Study ~ USA: Metabolic Syndrome Among Marijuana Users in the United States: An Analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data . (USA) (full – 2016) http://www.amjmed.com/article/S0002-9343(15)01024-4/fulltext

2016 - Full Study ~ USA: A Curious Case of Inhalation Fever Caused by Synthetic Cannabinoid. (USA) (full – 2016) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4917070/

2016 - Full Study ~ Germany: Inhibition of interleukin-1β-induced endothelial tissue factor expression by the synthetic cannabinoid WIN 55,212-2. (Germany) (full – 2016) http://www.impactjournals.com/oncotarget/index.php?journal=oncotarget&page=article&op=view&path%5B%5D=11367&path%5B%5D=35984
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2016 - Full Study ~ Activation of Cannabinoid Receptor Type II by AM1241 Ameliorates Myocardial Fibrosis via Nrf2-Mediated Inhibition of TGF-β1/Smad3 Pathway in Myocardial Infarction Mice (China) (full – 2016) http://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/447855

2016 - Full Study ~ The endocannabinoid anandamide causes endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in human mesenteric arteries. (UK) (full – 2016) http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S104366181630113X

2016 - Full Study ~ Components of the cannabinoid system in the dorsal periaqueductal gray are related to resting heart rate. (USA) (full – 2016) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4982395/

2016 - Full Study ~ CB1 receptor activation in the rat paraventricular nucleus induces bi-directional cardiovascular effects via modification of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission. (Poland/ Germany) (full – 2016) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5203819/

2016 - Full Study ~ Cannabinoid CB1 Receptors Are Localized in Striated Muscle Mitochondria and Regulate Mitochondrial Respiration. (Spain/ France/ Canada) (full – 2016) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5078489/

2016 - Full Study ~ Cannabidiol limits Tcell-mediated chronic autoimmune myocarditis: implications to autoimmune disorders and organ transplantation. (USA/ Taiwan/ Hungary/ Switzerland/ Israel) (full – 2016) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5004721/

2016 - Full Study ~ Monoglyceride lipase deficiency modulates endocannabinoid signaling and improves plaque stability in ApoE-knockout mice. (Austria) (full – 2016) http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021915015301933

2016 - Full Study ~ Involvement of endocannabinoid neurotransmission in the bed nucleus of stria terminalis in cardiovascular responses to acute restraint stress in rats. (Brazil) (full – 2016) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5055136/

2016 - Full Study ~ The role of perivascular adipose tissue in obesity-induced vascular dysfunction. (Germany) (full – 2016) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5610151/

2016 - Full Study ~ The Effect of Chronic Activation of the Novel Endocannabinoid Receptor GPR18 on Myocardial Function and Blood Pressure in Conscious Rats. (USA/ Egypt) (full – 2016) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5209303/

2016 - Full Study ~ Acute Toxicity Associated with Use of 5F-Derivations of Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists with Analytical Confirmation. (UK) (full – 2016) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5135680/

2016 - Full Study ~ Clinical Effects of Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists Compared with Marijuana in Emergency Department Patients with Acute Drug Overdose. (USA) (full – 2016) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5135672/

2016 - Full Study ~ Association Between Lifetime Marijuana Use and Cognitive Function in Middle Age: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study. (USA/ Switzerland) (full – 2016) http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2484906

2016 - Full Study ~ Synthetic cannabinoid drug use as a cause or contributory cause of death (USA) (full–2016) https://www.academia.edu/25518565/Synthetic_cannabinoid_drug_use_as_a_cause_or_contributory_cause_of_death

2016 - Full Study ~ Synthetic Cannabinoid Abuse Resulting in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Requiring Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. (USA) (click “PDF Reader” for full – 2016) https://kundoc.com/pdf-synthetic-cannabinoid-abuse-resulting-in-st-segment-elevation-myocardial-infarct.html

2016 - Full Study ~ Effects of activation of endocannabinoid system on myocardial metabolism. (Poland) (abst in English, link to PDF in Polish– 2016) https://phmd.pl/resources/html/article/details?id=142391

2016 - Full Study ~ The endogenous lipid N-arachidonoyl glycine is hypotensive and nitric oxide-cGMP- dependent vasorelaxant. (Oman) (link to PDF – 2016) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/310816046_The_endogenous_lipid_N-

2016 - Full Study ~ arachidonoyl_glycine_is_hypotensive_and_nitric_oxide-cGMP-dependent_vasorelaxant Circulating levels of endocannabinoids and oxylipins altered by dietary lipids in older women are likely associated with previously identified gene targets. (USA) (link to PDF – 2016) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305630631_Circulating_levels_of_endocannabinoids_and_oxylipins_altered_by_dietary_lip

2016 - Full Study ~ ids_in_older_women_are_likely_associated_with_previously_identified_gene_targets Signs and symptoms associated with synthetic cannabinoid toxicity: systematic review. (New Zealand) (link to PDF – 2016) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/306526731_Signs_and_symptoms_associated_with_synthetic_cannabinoid_toxicity_System

2016 - Full Study ~ Pharmacological inhibition of FAAH activity in rodents: a promising pharmacological approach for psychological – cardiac comorbidity? (Italy/ Australia/ USA) (link to PDF – 2016) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301734639_Pharmacological_inhibition_of_FAAH_activity_in_rodents_A_promising_pharmacological_approach_for_psychological-cardiac_comorbidity

2016 - Full Study ~ Overactivation of cannabinoid receptor type 1 in rostral ventrolateral medulla promotes cardiovascular responses in spontaneously hypertensive rats. (China) (link to PDF – 2016) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/310470715_Overactivation_of_cannabinoid_receptor_type_1_in_rostral_ventrolateral_medu

2016 - Full Study ~ lla_promotes_cardiovascular_responses_in_spontaneously_hypertensive_rats Synthetic Cannabinoids and Their Effects on the Cardiovascular System. (USA) (link to PDF – 2016) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283422020_Synthetic_Cannabinoids_and_Their_Effects_on_the_Cardiovascular_System

2016 - Full Study ~ Potential Biomarkers for Depression Associated with Coronary Artery Disease: A Critical Review. (Canada) (link to download – 2016) http://www.eurekaselect
.com/138787/article

2016 - Full Study ~ Can your heart handle the spice: A case of acute myocardial infarction and left ventricular apical thrombus. (USA) (click “researchgate” for download – 2016) https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=Can+your+heart+handle+the+spice%3A+A+case+of+acute+myocardial+infarction+and+left+ventricular+apical+thrombus.+++++++++++++++&btnG

2016 - Full Study ~ Marijuana Use and Short-Term Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized for Acute Myocardial. (USA) (interview–2016) https://medicalresearch.com/heart-disease/marijuana-use-short-term-outcomes-patients-hospitalized-acute-myocardial/22914/

2016 - Full Study ~ Cannabinoids and haemostasis. (Poland) (abst in English, link to full PDF in Polish–2016) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305040888_Cannabinoids_and_haemostasis

2016 - Abstract Study ~ Abrupt Quitting of Long-term Heavy Recreational Cannabis Use is Not Followed by Significant Changes in Blood Pressure and Heart Rate. (Germany) (link to 1st page–2016) https://www.thieme-connect.com/DOI/DOI?10.1055/s-0035-1565242

2016 - Abstract Study ~ Age-specific influences of chronic administration of the fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor URB597 on cardiovascular parameters and organ hypertrophy in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. (Poland) (abst – 2016) https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Age-specific-influences-of-chronic-administration-Toczek-Baranowska-
Kuczko/d3e2b54c36a417b6cec6463c7e32b9ece130e817

2016 - Abstract Study ~ Adverse effects after the use of JWH-210 – a case series from the EU Spice II plus project. (Germany) (abst – 2016) https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Adverse-effects-after-the-use-of-JWH-210-a-case-the-Hermanns-Clausen-Kithinji/7f72a2b975a3b9ff5c94c83c951d24cd69574361

2016 - Abstract Study ~ Protective role of cannabinoid CB1 receptors and vascular effects of chronic administration of FAAH inhibitor URB597 in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. (Poland) (abst – 2016) http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0024320516301643

2016 - Abstract Study ~ Repeated Thrombosis After Synthetic Cannabinoid Use. (USA) (abst – 2016) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27595371

2016 - Abstract Study ~ Selective modulator of cannabinoid receptor type 2 reduces memory impairment and infarct size during cerebral hypoperfusion and vascular dementia. (India) (abst – 2016) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27586843

2016 - Abstract Study ~ Acute Effects of Synthetic Cannabinoids: Update 2015. (France) (abst – 2016) https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Acute-effects-of-synthetic-cannabinoids%3A-Update-Tournebize-Gibaja/a2a9b8b350237715f8b58475580b4ffa05ea1adc

2016 - Abstract Study ~ Targeting brain and peripheral plasticity of the lipidome in acute kainic acid-induced epileptic seizures in mice via quantitative mass spectrometry. (Germany) (abst – 2016) http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1388198116303092

2016 - Abstract Study ~ Plasma palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) as a potential biomarker for impaired coronary function. (Italy/ Switzerland/ USA) (abst – 2016) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27989579

2016 - Abstract Study ~ Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol concentrations in exhaled breath and physiological effects following cannabis intake – a pilot study using illicit cannabis. (Belgium/ Italy/ Sweden) (abst – 2016) http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0009912016300996

2016 - Abstract Study ~ Synthetic Cannabinoids-Further Evidence Supporting the Relationship Between Cannabinoids and Psychosis. (Italy) (abst – 2016) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26970364

2012 - Study ~ Cannabinoids and atherosclerotic coronary heart disease.

2012 - Study ~ Cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptor mediates WIN55, 212-2 induced hypothermia and improved survival in a rat post-cardiac arrest model.

2012 - Study ~ G1359A polymorphism in the cannabinoid receptor-1 gene is associated with the presence of coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes.

2012 - Study ~ Angiotensin II induces vascular endocannabinoid release, which attenuates its vasoconstrictor effect via CB1 cannabinoid receptors.

2012 - Study ~ Vascular metabolism of anandamide to arachidonic acid affects myogenic constriction in response to intraluminal pressure elevation.

2012 - Study ~ Subjective, cognitive and cardiovascular dose-effect profile of nabilone and dronabinol in marijuana smokers.

2012 - Study ~ Cannabinoid receptor CB2 protects against balloon-induced neointima formation.

2012 - Study ~ Targeting cannabinoid receptor CB(2 ) in cardiovascular disorders: promises and controversies.

2012 - Study ~ Vascular metabolism of anandamide to arachidonic acid affects myogenic constriction in response to intraluminal pressure elevation.

2011 - Study ~ The potential for clinical use of cannabinoids in treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

2011 - Study ~ Endocannabinoid system in cardiovascular disorders - new pharmacotherapeutic opportunities.

2011 - Study ~ Acute administration of cannabidiol in vivo suppresses ischaemia-induced cardiac arrhythmias and reduces infarct size when given at reperfusion.

2011 - Study ~ Cannabidiol as an anti-arrhythmic, the role of the CB1 receptors.

2011 - Study ~ Distinctive effects of plant protein sources on renal disease progression and associated cardiac hypertrophy in experimental kidney disease.

2011 - Study ~ Deficiency of type 1 cannabinoid receptors worsens acute heart failure induced by pressure overload in mice.

2011 - Study ~ G1359A polymorphism in the cannabinoid receptor-1 gene is associated with coronary artery disease in the Chinese Han population.

2011 - Study ~ The effects of hempseed meal intake and linoleic acid on Drosophila models of neurodegenerative diseases and hypercholesterolemia.

2011 - Study ~ Win 55,212-2 reduces cardiac ischaemia-reperfusion injury in zucker diabetic fatty rats: role of cb2 receptors and cardiac inos/enos expression.

2011 - Study ~ Cannabinoid-2 Receptor Activation Protects against Infarct and Ischemia/Reperfusion Heart Injury.

2011 - Study ~ Endocannabinoids and the cardiovascular response to stress.

2011 - Study ~ Cardiotoxicity associated with the synthetic cannabinoid, K9, with laboratory confirmation.

2011 - Study ~ Effects of intracisternal administration of cannabidiol on the cardiovascular and behavioral responses to acute restraint stress.

2011 - Study ~ The effect of dietary hempseed on atherogenesis and contractile function in aortae from hypercholesterolemic rabbits.

2011 - Study ~ Targeting the Endocannabinod System to Limit Myocardial and Cerebral Ischemic and Reperfusion Injury.

2011 - Study ~ Cannabidiol (CBD) as an Anti-Arrhythmic.

2011 - Study ~ Endocannabinoid type 1 receptor gene (CNR1) polymorphisms (rs806381, rs10485170, rs6454674, rs2023239) and cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women.

2010 - Study ~ Acute administration of cannabidiol in vivo suppresses ischaemia-induced cardiac arrhythmias and reduces infarct size when given at reperfusion.

2010 - Study ~ The cardiac and haemostatic effects of dietary hempseed.

2010 - Study ~ Endogenous cannabinoid signaling is essential for stress adaptation.

2010 - Study ~ Pharmacologically induced hypothermia with cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN55, 212-2 after cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

2010 - Study ~ Acute administration of cannabidiol in vivo suppresses ischaemia-induced cardiac arrhythmias and reduces infarct size when given at reperfusion.

2010 - Study ~ Substantially altered expression pattern of cannabinoid receptor 2 and activated endocannabinoid system in patients with severe heart failure.

2010 - Study ~ Interaction between anandamide and sphingosine-1-phosphate in mediating vasorelaxation in rat coronary artery.

2010 - Patent ~ US Patent Application 20100158973 - THERAPEUTIC USES OF CANNABIDIOL COMPOUNDS.

2009 - Study - Cannabinoids and atherosclerosis.

2009 - Study ~ Endocannabinoids and cardiac contractile function: pathophysiological implications.

2009 - Study ~ Endocannabinoids and cannabinoid analogues block cardiac hKv1.5 channels in a cannabinoid receptor-independent manner.

2009 - Study ~ Endocannabinoids and the Heart.

2009 - Study ~ The emerging role of the endocannabinoid system in cardiovascular disease.

2009 - Study ~ Endocannabinoid signalling as an anti-inflammatory therapeutic target in atherosclerosis: does it work?

2009 - Study ~ CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors differentially regulate the production of reactive oxygen species by macrophages.

2009 - Study ~ Time-dependent vascular actions of cannabidiol in the rat aorta.

2009 - Study ~ Cannabidiol Attenuates Myocardial Dysfunction, Fibrosis, Inflammation, Cell Death and Interrelated Signaling Pathways Associated With Diabetic Cardiomyopathy.

2009 - Study ~ Endocannabinoids and cardiovascular prevention: real progress?

2008 - Study - Function of cannabinoids in heart failure.

2008 - Study ~ The diverse CB1 and CB2 receptor pharmacology of three plant cannabinoids: Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabivarin.

2008 - Study ~ Cannabinoid receptors in acute and chronic complications of atherosclerosis.

2008 - Study ~ Endocannabinoids and Liver Disease. V. Endocannabinoids as mediators of vascular and cardiac abnormalities in cirrhosis.

2008 - Study ~ CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor Inhibition: Promising Approach for Heart Failure?

2008 - Study ~ 'Entourage' effects of N-palmitoylethanolamide and N-oleoylethanolamide on vasorelaxation to anandamide occur through TRPV1 receptors.

2008 - Study ~ Modulation of the Endocannabinoid System in Cardiovascular Disease.

2008 - Study ~ Acute hypertension reveals depressor and vasodilator effects of cannabinoids in conscious rats.

2008 - Study ~ Endocannabinoids and cannabinoid receptors in ischaemia–reperfusion injury and preconditioning.

2008 - Study ~ Virodhamine relaxes the human pulmonary artery through the endothelial cannabinoid receptor and indirectly through a COX product.

2008 - Study ~ Endocannabinoids, blood pressure and the human heart.

2008 - Study ~ Function of cannabinoids in heart failure.

2008 - Study ~ The endocannabinoid system: an osteopathic perspective.

2008 - Study ~ Dexanabinol prevents development of vasospasm in the rat femoral artery model.

2007 - Study - Cannabinoids and cardiovascular disease.

2007 - Study - Cannabinoids as therapeutic agents in cardiovascular disease.

2007 - Study - The in vitro and in vivo cardiovascular effects of {Delta}9-tetrahydrocannabinol.

2007 - Study - Cannabidiol protects against myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury.

2007 - Study - Cannabinoids as therapeutic agents in cardiovascular disease: a tale of passions and illusions.

2007 - Study ~ Characterization of the vasorelaxant mechanisms of the endocannabinoid anandamide in rat aorta.

2007 - Study ~ The novel endocannabinoid receptor GPR55 is activated by atypical cannabinoids but does not mediate their vasodilator effects.

2007 - Study ~ Endocannabinoids acting at CB1 receptors mediate the cardiac contractile dysfunction in vivo in cirrhotic rats.

2007 - Study ~ Endocannabinoids and the haematological system.

2007 - Study ~ Cannabinoids and cardiovascular disease: a tale of passions and illusions.

2007 - Study ~ Decreased age-related cardiac dysfunction, myocardial nitrative stress, inflammatory gene expression, and apoptosis in mice lacking fatty acid amide hydrolase.

2007 - Study ~ GPR55 and the vascular receptors for cannabinoids.

2007 - Study ~ Cannabidiol , a nonpsychoactive Cannabis constituent, protects against myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury.

2007 - Study ~ Cardiovascular effects of cannabinoids in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats.

2007 - Study ~ Effect of dietary hempseed intake on cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury.

2006 - Study ~ Illicit Drug Use in Young Adults and Subsequent Decline in General Health: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study.

2006 - Study ~ Signaling pathways involved in the cardioprotective effects of cannabinoids.

2006 - Study - The endogenous cardiac cannabinoid system: a new protective mechanism.

2006 - Study - Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol protects cardiac cells from hypoxia via CB2 receptor activation and nitric oxide production.

2006 - Study - Does Cannabis Hold the Key to Treating Cardiometabolic Disease?

2006 - Study - Marijuana use, diet, body mass index, and cardiovascular risk factors.

2005 - Study - Cardiovascular pharmacology of cannabinoids.

2005 - Study ~ Anandamide reduces infarct size in rat isolated hearts subjected to ischaemia–reperfusion by a novel cannabinoid mechanism.

2005 - Study ~ Effects of AM281, a cannabinoid antagonist, on systemic haemodynamics, internal carotid artery blood flow and mortality in septic shock in rats.

2005 - Study ~ The cardiovascular actions of anandamide: more targets?

2005 - Study ~ Increased anandamide induced relaxation in mesenteric arteries of cirrhotic rats: role of cannabinoid and vanilloid receptors.

2005 - Study ~ Cardiac and vascular effects of cannabinoids: toward a therapeutic use?

2005 - Study ~ CARDIOVASCULAR Effects of AM281, a cannabinoid antagonist, on systemic haemodynamics, internal carotid artery blood flow and mortality in septic shock in rats.

2005 - Study ~ Influence of Anandamide, the Endogenous Agonist of Cannabinoid Receptors on the Circulatory System.

2004 - Study ~ Endocannabinoids Acting at Cannabinoid-1 Receptors Regulate Cardiovascular Function in Hypertension.

2004 - Study ~ Vasorelaxant activities of the putative endocannabinoid virodhamine in rat isolated small mesenteric artery.

2003 - Study ~ Endocannabinoids protect the rat isolated heart against ischaemia.

2003 - Study ~ Vasodilator actions of abnormal-cannabidiol in rat isolated small mesenteric artery.

2003 - Study ~ CB1 cannabinoid receptor antagonism promotes remodeling and cannabinoid treatment prevents endothelial dysfunction and hypotension in rats with myocardial infarction.

2003 - Study ~ Cannabinoid CB2 receptor activation reduces mouse myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury: involvement of cytokine/chemokines and PMN.

2003 - Study ~ A new endothelial target for cannabinoids.

2003 - Study ~ Endocannabinoids as mediators in the heart: a potential target for therapy of remodelling after myocardial infarction?

2002 - Study ~ Influence of the CB1 receptor antagonist, AM 251, on the regional haemodynamic effects of WIN-55212-2 or HU 210 in conscious rats.

2002 - Study ~ Endocannabinoids are implicated in the infarct size-reducing effect conferred by heat stress preconditioning in isolated rat hearts.

2002 - Study ~ Estrogen stimulates arachidonoylethanolamide release from human endothelial cells and platelet activation.

2002 - Study ~ Activation of cannabinoid receptors decreases the area of ischemic myocardial necrosis.

2002 - Study ~ Anandamide and R-(+)-methanandamide prevent development of ischemic and reperfusion arrhythmia in rats by stimulation of CB2-receptors.

2002 - Study ~ Increase of the heart arrhythmogenic resistance and decrease of the myocardial necrosis zone during activation of cannabinoid receptors.

2002 - Study ~ Endogenous cannabinoids improve myocardial resistance to arrhythmogenic effects of coronary occlusion and reperfusion: a possible mechanism.

2001 - Study ~ Endogenous cannabinoids mediate hypotension after experimental myocardial infarction.

2001 - Study ~ Mechanisms of anandamide-induced vasorelaxation in rat isolated coronary arteries.

2001 - Study ~ Endocannabinoids are implicated in the infarct size-reducing effect conferred by heat stress preconditioning in isolated rat hearts.

2000 - Study ~ Cardiovascular effects of endocannabinoids--the plot thickens.

2000 - Study ~ Involvement of central and peripheral cannabinoid receptors in the regulation of heart resistance to arrhythmogenic effects of epinephrine.

2000 - Study ~ Cardiovascular effects of endocannabinoids--the plot thickens.

2000 - Study ~ Involvement of central and peripheral cannabinoid receptors in the regulation of heart resistance to arrhythmogenic effects of epinephrine.

1997 - Study ~ Cannabinoid-Induced Hypotension and Bradycardia in Rats Is Mediated by CB1-Like Cannabinoid Receptors.

1995 - Study ~ Development of HU-211 as a neuroprotectant for ischemic brain damage.

1995 - Study ~ Novel antagonist implicates the CB1 cannabinoid receptor in the hypotensive action of anandamide.

1992 - Study - Changes in middle cerebral artery velocity after marijuana.

1989 - Study ~ The inhibitory effects of cannabinoids, the active constituents of Cannabis sativa L. on human and rabbit platelet aggregation.

1986 - Study ~ Effects of acute marijuana smoking in post-menopausal women.

1981 - Study ~ The cardiovascular and autonomic effects of repeated administration of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol to rhesus monkeys.

1980 - Study ~ Cannabinoids. II. Cardiovascular Effects.

1977 - Study ~ Propranolol Effects on Acute Marihuana Intoxication in Man.

1977 - Study ~ Short-term effects of smoked marihuana on left ventricular function in man.

1976 - Study ~ The Effects of Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Cannabis) on Cardiac Performance with and without Beta Blockade.

1975 - Study ~ Intravenous delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol: Effects of ventilatory control and cardiovascular dynamics.

1973 - Letter ~ Effects of cannabis roots on the heart

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