Endocannabinoids

Overview

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is thought to connect the physical and emotional responses to stress with appetite and energy regulation. 

 It is thought to affect a wide variety of physiologic processes including nociception (pain sense), motor control, memory and learning, appetite, food intake, and energy balance.

Global Research (Medical Journal Articles)

*All links are Open Access .pdf files whenever possible.

Updated Definition ~ Cannabinoids Encyclopedia Entry. 

Chem Europe.


2017 - Study ~ Endocannabinoids and exercise. 

British Journal of Sports Medicine.


2017 - Study ~ Endocannabinoid system acts as a regulator of immune homeostasis in the gut. 

National Academy of Science of the United States.


2017 - Study ~ Interactions between the Kynurenine and the Endocannabinoid System with Special Emphasis on Migraine. 

Journal of Molecular Sciences.


2016 - Study ~ Endocannabinoids in the Gut. 

Cannabis Cannabinoid Research.


2016 - Study ~ Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Dysfunction of the Endocannabinoid System. 

Gastroenterology.


2016 - Study ~ The Endocannabinoid System in the Retina: From Physiology to Practical and Therapeutic Applications. 

Neural Plasticity.


2016 - Study ~ Unconventional endocannabinoid signaling governs sperm activation via sex hormone progesterone. 

Science Magazine.


2015 - Study ~ Cannabinoids and Epilepsy. 

Neurotherapeutics.


2015 - Study ~ Selective Reduction of THC’s Unwanted Effects through Serotonin Receptor Inhibition. 

PLOS Biology.


2014 - Study ~ Early phytocannabinoid chemistry to endocannabinoids and beyond. 

Neuroscience.


2014 - Study ~ The endocannabinoid system controls food intake via olfactory processes. 

Nature Neuroscience.


2014 - Study ~ The endocannabinoid 2-AG controls skeletal muscle cell differentiation via CB1 receptor-dependent inhibition of Kv7 channels. 

PNAS, National Academy of Science of the United States.


2013 - Study ~ Endocannabinoid system and drug addiction: new insights from mutant mice approaches. 

Current Opinion in Neurobiology


2013 - Study ~ The Endocannabinoid System and Spermatogenesis. 

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne).


2013 - Study ~ Getting High on the Endocannabinoid System. 

NCBI, Cerebrum.


2013 - Study ~ The Endocannabinoid System, Cannabinoids, and Pain. 

Rambam Maimonides Medical Journal.



Neuropsychopharmacol Biological Psychiatry.

Journal of Physiology.


Neuroscience.

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology.

Neuropsychopharmacol and Biological Psychiatry.

PubMed.


Medicinal Chemistry.

Journal of Sexual Medicine.

Science Direct.

Journal of Biological Chemistry.

Bone and Joint Orthopedic Proceedings.

Journal of Head and Face Pain.

Bentham Science.

Behavioral Pharmacology.

Science Direct.

Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry

Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics.

Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.

American Physiological Society.

Annual Review of Psychology.

Alternet.

Cannabis Research A-Z.

Endocannabinoid Research Group.

Journal of Medicine and Life.

British Journal of Pharmacology.

National Institute of Health.

Polish Academy of Sciences.

Intensive Care And Emergency Medicine.

Journal of Pharmacy and BioAllied Sciences.

Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry.

Neurochemistry International.

Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets.

Journal of Psychopharmacology.

Nature Neuroscience.

Chinese Journal of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases.

Brain Journal of Neurology.

Movement Disorders.

British Journal of Pharmacology.

ature Reviews Urology.

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology.

Pharmacological Reviews.

Brain Research.

National Institute of Health.

European Journal of Applied Physiology

Free Radical Biology and Medicine.

Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology.

Phytotheropy Research.

Acta Psychiatric Scandinavia.


Journal of Head and Face Pain.

Oxford Academic Brain Journal of Neurology.

American Journal of Pathology.

Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience.


Journal of Psychopharmacology.

Archives of Dermatological Research

2010 - Study ~ Endocannabinoid Overload. 
American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.

PLoS ONE

British Journal of Pharmacology.

National Institute of Health.

Graduate School of Dental Sciences.

Molecular Systems Biology.

Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon.

Tibiriça Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome.

University of South Carolina School of Medicine.

British Journal of Pharmacology.


National Institute of Health.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology.

PubMed Google Scholar.

Journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society.

University of Bologna, Italy.

Nature Neuroscience.

Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico.

Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology.

Neuropsychopharmacology.


International Journal of Headache.

Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Digestive and Liver Disease.

Experimental Neurology.

Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.

Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry.

Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology.

2009 - Study ~ Parasitic brain infection, endocannabinoids, and schizophrenia. 

Medical Hypothesis.


2009 - Study ~ Endocannabinoid chemical biology: a tool for the development of novel therapies. 

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology.


2009 - Study ~ Endocannabinoid system: An overview of its potential in current medical practice. 

Neuroendocrinology.


2009 - Study ~ The endocannabinoid system as a target for the treatment of motor dysfunction. 

British Journal of Pharmacology.


AAPS Journal.

2009 - Study ~ Changes in the Endocannabinoid System May Give Insight into new and Effective Treatments for Cancer. 

National Institute of Health.


Journal of Membrane Biology.

2009 - Study ~ Ulcerative Colitis Induces Changes on the Expression of the Endocannabinoid System in the Human Colonic Tissue. 

Department of Gastroenterology, University of Autonoma, Barcelona, Spain.


Department of Cancer Studies & Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, United Kingdom.

2009 - Study ~ Voluntary Exercise and Sucrose Consumption Enhance Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor Sensitivity in the Striatum.

Neuropsychopharmacology.



2009 - Study ~ Dynamic regulation of the endocannabinoid system: implications for analgesia.



2009 - Study ~ Cannabinoids, Endocannabinoids, and Related Analogs in Inflammation.



2009 - Study ~ The emerging role of the endocannabinoid system in cardiovascular disease.



2009 - Study ~ Endocannabinoid-mediated control of synaptic transmission.



2009 - Study ~ The endocannabinoid system of the skin in health and disease: novel perspectives and therapeutic opportunities.



2009 - Ariticle ~ Cannabinoids, Miracle Drug of the 21st Century by Jeffrey Dach MD.



2009 - Editorial ~ The Endocannabinoid System in the Brain: From Biology to Therapy.




2009 - Study ~ Distribution and function of cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 in the rat, monkey and human bladder.



2009 - Study ~ Post-ischemic brain damage: the endocannabinoid system in the mechanisms of neuronal death.



2009 - Study ~ Cannabinoid receptors: a brief history and "what's hot".



2009 - Study ~ The endocannabinoid system as a target for the treatment of motor dysfunction.



2009 - Study ~ From endocannabinoid profiling to 'endocannabinoid therapeutics'.


2009 - Study ~ Cannabinoid receptors in brain: pharmacogenetics, neuropharmacology, neurotoxicology, and potential therapeutic applications.

2008 - Study - The role of endocannabinoid system in physiological and pathological processes in the eye.


2008 - Study - Endocannabinoids in the retina: From marijuana to neuroprotection.



2008 - Study ~ Endocannabinoid Dysregulation in the Pancreas and Adipose Tissue of Mice Fed With a High-fat Diet.



2008 - Study ~ Cannabinoids Inhibit HIV-1 Gp120-Mediated Insults in Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells.



2008 - Study ~ Multiple sclerosis, cannabinoids, and cognition.



2008 - Study ~ Cannabinoid CB2 receptors in human brain inflammation.



2008 - Study ~ Cannabinoid receptors and the regulation of bone mass.



2008 - Study ~ Characterisation of the cannabinoid receptor system in synovial tissue and fluid in patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.


2008 - Study ~ The endocannabinoid system: an osteopathic perspective.


2008 - Study ~ Modulation of the Endocannabinoid System in Cardiovascular Disease.


2008 - Study ~ Endocannabinoid Dysregulation in the Pancreas and Adipose Tissue of Mice Fed With a High-fat Diet.



2008 - Study ~ Gender-dependent increases with healthy aging of the human cerebral cannabinoid-type 1 receptor binding using [(18)F]MK-9470 PET.



2008 - Study ~ The endocannabinoid system in Huntington's disease.



2008 - Study ~ Expression of the endocannabinoid system in fibroblasts and myofascial tissues.


2008 - Study ~ Activation of the endocannabinoid system by organophosphorus nerve agents.



2008 - Study ~ Immunomodulatory lipids in plants: plant fatty acid amides and the human endocannabinoid system.



2008 - Study ~ Endogenous cannabinoids: structure and metabolism.



2008 - Study ~ The endocannabinoid system and multiple sclerosis.



2008 - Study ~ Dysregulation of the endocannabinoid system in obesity.



2007 - Study - The endocannabinoid system is dysregulated in multiple sclerosis.


2007 - Study ~ Cannabidiol displays unexpectedly high potency as an antagonist of CB1 and CB2 receptor agonists in vitro.


2007 - Study ~ Increased endocannabinoid levels reduce the development of precancerous lesions in the mouse colon.


2007 - Study ~ Endocannabinoids block status epilepticus in cultured hippocampal neurons.


2007 - Study ~ Activation of cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors suppresses neuropathic nociception evoked by the chemotherapeutic agent vincristine in rats.


2007 - Study ~ The psychoactive plant cannabinoid, Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol, is antagonized by Delta8- and Delta9-tetrahydrocannabivarin in mice in vivo.


2007 - Study ~ Downregulation of the CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor and Related Molecular Elements of the Endocannabinoid System in Epileptic Human Hippocampus.


2007 - Study ~ Expression and function of cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 and their cognate cannabinoid ligands in murine embryonic stem cells.


2007 - Study ~ Cannabinoids: A New Group of Agonists of PPARs.


2007 - Study ~ Endocannabinoid metabolism and uptake: novel targets for neuropathic and inflammatory pain.


2007 - Study ~ Endocannabinoids and the gastrointestinal tract: what are the key questions?


2007 - Study ~ The endocannabinoid system is dysregulated in multiple sclerosis.


2007 - Study ~ Neuropharmacology of the endocannabinoid signaling system-molecular mechanisms, biological actions and synaptic plasticity.


2007 - Study ~ Cannabinoid action in the olfactory epithelium.


2007 - Study ~ A possible role for the endocannabinoid system in the neurobiology of depression.


2007 - Study ~ The complications of promiscuity: endocannabinoid action and metabolism.


2007 - Study ~ Cannabinoids mediate analgesia largely via peripheral type 1 cannabinoid receptors in nociceptors.


2007 - Study ~ The CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor Mediates Excitotoxicity-induced Neural Progenitor Proliferation and Neurogenesis.


2007 - Study ~ Modulation of Fear and Anxiety by the Endogenous Cannabinoid System.


2007 - Study ~ The endocannabinoid system in targeting inflammatory neurodegenerative diseases.


2007 - Study ~ A possible role for the endocannabinoid system in the neurobiology of depression.


2007 - Study ~ Endocannabinoid hedonic hotspot for sensory pleasure: anandamide in nucleus accumbens shell enhances 'liking' of a sweet reward.


2007 - Study ~ Modulation of the endocannabinoid system: therapeutic potential against cocaine dependence.


2007 - Study ~ Increased endocannabinoid levels reduce the development of precancerous lesions in the mouse colon.


2007 - Study ~ Cannabis and Endocannabinoids: The Old Man and the Teenagers.


2007 - Study ~ Endocannabinoids, cannabinoid receptors and inflammatory stress: an interview with Dr. Pál Pacher.


2007 - Study ~ The endocannabinoid system and neurogenesis in health and disease.


2007 - Study ~ Endocannabinoid metabolism and uptake: novel targets for neuropathic and inflammatory pain.


2007 - Study ~ Cannabinoids and neuroprotection in motor-related disorders.


2007 - Study ~ The (Endo)Cannabinoid System in Multiple Sclerosis and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.


2007 - Study ~ Expression of cannabinoid receptors and neurotrophins in human gliomas.


2007 - Study ~ The endocannabinoid network: insight into the regulation of the neuroendocrine and metabolic systems.


2007 - Study ~ Overactivity of the intestinal endocannabinoid system in celiac disease and in methotrexate-treated rats.

2006 - Study - Endocannabinoids: Multi-scaled, Global Homeostatic Regulators of Cells and Society.


2006 - Study - The Endocannabinoid System as an Emerging Target of Pharmacotherapy. Pharmacological Reviews.


2006 - Study ~ Agonists of cannabinoid receptor 1 and 2 inhibit experimental colitis induced by oil of mustard and by dextran sulfate sodium.


2006 - Study ~ Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis disrupts endocannabinoid-mediated neuroprotection.


2006 - Study ~ Increasing cannabinoid levels by pharmacological and genetic manipulation delay disease progression in SOD1 mi.



2006 - Study ~ Inhibition of Salivary Secretion by Activation of Cannabinoid Receptors.



2006 - Study ~ Cannabinoids biology: the search for new therapeutic targets.



2006 - Study ~ Cannabinoid receptors and endocannabinoids: evidence for new players.



2006 - Study ~ Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis disrupts endocannabinoid-mediated neuroprotection.



2006 - Study ~ The Endocannabinoid System as an Emerging Target of Pharmacotherapy.





Updated ~ Cannabinoid Receptor Ligands.


2005 - Study ~ The endocannabinoid system drives neural progenitor proliferation.


2005 - Study ~ Enhancing Cannabinoid Neurotransmission Augments the Extinction of Conditioned Fear.


2005 - Study ~ Activation of the Peripheral Endocannabinoid System in Human Obesity.


2005 - Study ~ Endocannabinoids and food intake: newborn suckling and appetite regulation in adulthood.


2005 - Study ~ Regulation of bone mass, bone loss and osteoclast activity by cannabinoid receptors.


2005 - Study ~ The endocannabinoid system: Physiology and pharmacology.


2005 - Study ~ Evidence that the plant cannabinoid Δ9-tetrahydrocannabivarin is a cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptor antagonist.


2005 - Study ~ Blood pressure regulation by endocannabinoids and their receptors.


2005 - Study ~ Decreased endocannabinoid levels in the brain and beneficial effects of agents activating cannabinoid and/or vanilloid receptors in a rat model of multiple sclerosis.


2005 - Study ~ The Endogenous Cannabinoid System. Therapeutic Implications for Neurologic and Psychiatric Disorders.


2005 - Study ~ The cannabinoid system and its importance in the perinatal period.


2005 - Study ~ New Antidepressant Drug Increases 'Brain's Own Cannabis'


2005 - Study ~ Role of cannabinoid receptors in alcohol abuse.


2005 - Study ~ Marijuana May Grow Neurons in the Brain.


2005 - Study - The endogenous cannabinoid, anandamide, induces cell death in colorectal carcinoma cells: a possible role for cyclooxygenase 2.


2005 - Study - Harm reduction - The cannabis paradox.


2004 - Study ~ The endocannabinoid system: a general view and latest additions.


2004 - Study ~ Effects of Cannabis Therapy on Endogenous Cannabinoids.


2004 - Study ~ The endogenous cannabinoid system protects against colonic inflammation.


2004 - Study ~ The endocannabinoid system: physiology and pharmacology.


2004 - Study ~ Involvement of cannabinoid receptors in gut motility and visceral perception.


2004 - Study ~ Fibromyalgia, IBS, and the Endocannabinoid-CB-Receptor (ECBR) system.


2004 - Study - Clinical Endocannabinoid Deficiency.


2004 - Study - The endogenous cannabinoid system protects against colonic inflammation.


2003 - Study - Cannabinoids inhibit neurodegeneration in models of multiple sclerosis


2003 - Study ~ Manipulation of the endocannabinoid system by a general anaesthetic.


2003 - Study ~ The Endocannabinoid System in Human Keratinocytes.


2003 - Study ~ The cannabinoid system and immune modulation.


2003 - Study ~ The Endogenous Cannabinoid System Regulates Seizure Frequency and Duration in a Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.


2003 - Study ~ Endogenous cannabinoid system as a modulator of food intake.


2003 - Study ~ Cannabis and the brain.


2003 - Study ~ The cannabinoid system: a role in both the homeostatic and hedonic control of eating?


2003 - Study ~ The endogenous cannabinoid system affects energy balance via central orexigenic drive and peripheral lipogenesis.


2003 - Study ~ Vasodilator actions of abnormal-cannabidiol in rat isolated small mesenteric artery.


2003 - Study ~ Therapeutic potential of cannabinoids in CNS disease.


2003 - Study ~ The endocannabinoid system and Huntington's disease.


2003 - Study ~ Effect of maternal under-nutrition on pup body weight and hypothalamic endocannabinoid levels.


2002 - Study ~ Targeting the endocannabinoid system in cancer therapy: A call for further research.


2002 - Study ~ International Union of Pharmacology. XXVII. Classification of Cannabinoid Receptors.


2002 - Study ~ Sourcing the Code: Searching for the Evolutionary Origins of Cannabinoid Receptors, Vanilloid Receptors, and Anandamide.


2002 - Study ~  Cannabinoid receptors and their ligands.


2002 - Study ~ Activation of cannabinoid receptors decreases the area of ischemic myocardial necrosis.


2002 - Study ~ Cannabinoids and multiple sclerosis.


2002 - Study ~ The endogenous cannabinoid system controls extinction of aversive memories.


2001 - Study ~ Cannabinoid CB1-receptor mediated regulation of gastrointestinal motility in mice in a model of intestinal inflammation.


2001 - Study ~ Control by the endogenous cannabinoid system of ras oncogene-dependent tumor growth.


2001 - Study ~ The cannabinoids: an overview. Therapeutic implications in vomiting and nausea after cancer chemotherapy, in appetite promotion, in multiple sclerosis and in neuroprotection.


2000 - Study ~ The Cannabinoid System and Cytokine Network.


2000 - Study ~ Endocannabinoids and Vascular Function.


2000 - Study ~ Cannabinoids, immune system and cytokine network.


2000 - Study ~ Endogenous cannabinoids and appetite.


1999 - Study ~ Pain modulation by release of the endogenous cannabinoid anandamide.


1999 - Study ~ Cannabis and cannabinoids: pharmacology and rationale for clinical use.


1999 - Study ~ Finding of the endocannabinoid signalling system in Hydra, a very primitive organism: possible role in the feeding response.


1998 - Study ~ Changes in cannabinoid receptor binding and mRNA levels in several brain regions of aged rats.


1998 - Study ~ Body's 'cannabis' could hold blood pressure key.


1986 - Study ~  Cellular effects of cannabinoids.


1993 - Study ~ Loss of cannabinoid receptors in the substantia nigra in Huntington's disease.


1993 - Study ~ Molecular characterization of a peripheral receptor for cannabinoids.


1991 - Study ~ Molecular cloning of a human cannabinoid receptor which is also expressed in testis.


1997 - Study ~ Brain Chemicals Mimic Marijuana.


1990 - Study ~ Cannabinoid Receptor Localization in Brain.