Are There Addiction Risks to Cannabis?
Overview
In 2022, we have new, even deadlier drugs that are effecting millions globally. Add COVID-19 isolation into the mix, and what you have is an exponential number of people dying alone. Is methadone working? Is there a plan B?
While doctors prescribed these sometimes lethal narcotics, some estimates suggest that up to 70% of these medications get re-sold on the streets.
A study of 4000 indicates that cannabis discourages use of alcohol and hard drugs.
Cannabis Maintenance as Addiction Treatment?
Various 'Addiction' Global Medical Journal Articles Related to Cannabis
2014 - Australia: Study ~ Nabiximols as an Agonist Replacement Therapy During Cannabis Withdrawal.
2012 - Netherlands / USA / Australia: Study ~ A genetic perspective on the proposed inclusion of cannabis withdrawal in the DSM-5.
Jama Psychiatry
2014 - France/ UK/ Spain / USA: Study ~ Pregnenolone Can Protect the Brain from Cannabis Intoxication.
PubMed
2014 - USA: Study ~ Evaluation of WIN 55,212-2 self-administration in rats as a potential cannabinoid abuse liability model.
Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior
2014 - USA: Study ~ Potential role of N-acetylcysteine in the management of substance use disorders.
CNS Drugs
2014 - USA: Study ~ Prevalence and correlates of alcohol and cannabis use disorders in the United States: results from the national longitudinal study of adolescent health.
PubMed
2014 - USA: Study ~ Cannabis withdrawal in chronic, frequent cannabis smokers during sustained abstinence within a closed residential environment.
American Journal of Addictions
2013 - Australia: Study ~ The Global Epidemiology and Contribution of Cannabis Use and Dependence to the Global Burden of Disease.
PLOS 2013 - Germany: Abstract ~ Endocannabinoids underlie reconsolidation of hedonic memories in Wistar rats.
Psychopharmacology (Berl)
2013 - Netherlands: Study ~ Implicit Associations and Explicit Expectancies toward Cannabis in Heavy Cannabis Users and Controls.
Frontiers in Psychiatry
2013 - United Kingdom / Netherlands: Study ~ The Interplay between Parental Monitoring and the Dopamine D4 Receptor Gene in Adolescent Cannabis Use.
PLOS
2013 - USA: Study ~ Inhibition of FAAH and activation of PPAR: new approaches to the treatment of cognitive dysfunction and drug addiction.
Pharmacology Therapeutics
2013 - USA/ France / Italy: Study ~ Reducing cannabinoid abuse and preventing relapse by enhancing endogenous brain levels of kynurenic acid.
Nature Neuroscience
2013 - USA: Study ~ Impulsivity, variation in the cannabinoid
receptor (CNR1) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) genes, and
marijuana-related problems.
Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs
2013 - USA: Study ~ Neural responses to subliminally presented cannabis and other emotionally evocative cues in cannabis-dependent individuals.
Psychopharmacology (Berl)
2013 - USA: Study ~ Cannabis Cue Reactivity and Craving Among Never, Infrequent and Heavy Cannabis Users.
Neuropsychopharmacology
2013 - USA: Abstract ~ Cannabis as a substitute
for alcohol and other drugs: A dispensary-based survey of substitution
effect in Canadian medical cannabis patients.
Journal
of Addiction Research & Theory
2012 - Netherlands: Study ~ Involvement of the endocannabinoid system in reward processing in the human brain.
US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health
Psychological Medicine
2012 - USA: Study ~ Medical marijuana laws in 50 states:
investigating the relationship between state legalization of medical
marijuana and marijuana use, abuse and dependence.
2012 - USA: Study ~ A double-blind randomized controlled trial of N-acetylcysteine in cannabis-dependent adolescents.
American Journal of Psychiatry
2011 - United Kingdom: Study ~ The genetic basis of the endocannabinoid system and drug addiction in humans.
Journal of Psychopharmacology
2011 - USA: Study ~ Aerobic Exercise Training Reduces Cannabis Craving and Use in
Non-Treatment Seeking Cannabis-Dependent Adults.
PLoS One
2011 - USA: Study ~ Dronabinol for the Treatment of Cannabis Dependence: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.
National Institutes of Health
Harm Reduction Journal
WebMD
2009 - France: Study ~ Adolescent exposure to chronic delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol blocks opiate dependence in maternally deprived rats.
Neuropsychopharmacology
2008 - Excerpt ~ Psychologic dependence can develop with chronic use, but very little physical dependence is clinically apparent.
Merck Manual Professional Version
2007 - USA: Study ~ Long term marijuana users seeking medical cannabis in California (2001–2007): demographics, social characteristics, patterns of cannabis and other drug use of 4117 applicants.
Harm Reduction Journal
2007 - USA: Study ~ Lack of behavioral sensitization after repeated exposure to THC in mice and comparison to methamphetamine.
Psychopharmacology
2005 - USA: Study ~ Endocannabinoid release from midbrain dopamine
neurons: a potential substrate for cannabinoid receptor antagonist
treatment of addiction.
Neuropharmacology
2003 - Italy: Study ~ Chronic Morphine Modulates the Contents of the Endocannabinoid, 2-Arachidonoyl Glycerol, in Rat Brain.
American Journal of Psychiatry
Neuropsychopharmacology
2003 - United Kingdom: Study ~ Does Cannabis Use Predict Poor Outcome for Heroin-Dependent Patients on Maintenance Treatment? A Review of Past Findings, and More Evidence Against.
Addiction, D.H. Epstein and K.L. Preston
